| Text+Chem T5-augm base | 85.3 | 32.2 | .05 | 16.87 | 90.1 | 75.7 | 220000000 | 81.6 | - | 94.3 | Unifying Molecular and Textual Representations via Multi-task Language Modelling | |
| MolT5-Large-HV | 81.0 | 31.4 | 0.44 | 16.758 | 87.2 | 72.2 | 770000000 | 78.6 | 59.0 | 99.6 | Translation between Molecules and Natural Language | |
| MolT5-Large | 85.4 | 30.2 | 1.20 | 16.07 | 83.4 | 68.4 | 770000000 | 74.6 | 55.4 | 90.5 | Translation between Molecules and Natural Language | |
| MolReGPT (GPT-4-0413) | 85.7 | 28.0 | 0.41 | 17.14 | 90.3 | 73.9 | None | 80.5 | 59.3 | 89.9 | Empowering Molecule Discovery for Molecule-Caption Translation with Large Language Models: A ChatGPT Perspective | |
| TGM-DLM | 82.6 | 24.2 | 0.77 | 17.003 | 85.4 | 68.8 | 180000000 | 73.9 | 58.1 | 87.1 | Text-Guided Molecule Generation with Diffusion Language Model | |
| TGM-DLM w/o corr | 82.8 | 24.2 | 0.89 | 16.897 | 87.4 | 72.2 | 180000000 | 77.1 | 58.9 | 78.9 | Text-Guided Molecule Generation with Diffusion Language Model | |
| MolXPT | - | 21.5 | 0.45 | - | 85.9 | 66.7 | 350000000 | 75.7 | 57.8 | 98.3 | MolXPT: Wrapping Molecules with Text for Generative Pre-training | |
| Text+Chem T5 base | 75 | 21.2 | 0.061 | 27.39 | 87.4 | 69.7 | 220000000 | 76.7 | - | 79.2 | Unifying Molecular and Textual Representations via Multi-task Language Modelling | |
| MolFM-Base | 82.2 | 21.0 | - | 19.445 | 85.4 | 75.8 | 296200000 | 69.7 | 58.3 | 89.2 | MolFM: A Multimodal Molecular Foundation Model | |
| Text+Chem T5-augm small | 81.5 | 19.1 | 0.06 | 21.78 | 86.4 | 67.2 | 60000000 | 74.4 | - | 95.1 | Unifying Molecular and Textual Representations via Multi-task Language Modelling | |
| MolFM-Small | 80.3 | 16.9 | - | 20.868 | 83.4 | 72.1 | 13620000 | 66.2 | 57.3 | 85.9 | MolFM: A Multimodal Molecular Foundation Model | |
| Text+Chem T5 small | 73.9 | 15.7 | 0.066 | 28.54 | 85.9 | 66 | 60000000 | 73.6 | - | 77.6 | Unifying Molecular and Textual Representations via Multi-task Language Modelling | |
| MolReGPT (GPT-3.5-turbo) | 79.0 | 13.9 | 0.57 | 24.91 | 84.7 | 62.4 | - | 70.8 | 57.1 | 88.7 | Empowering Molecule Discovery for Molecule-Caption Translation with Large Language Models: A ChatGPT Perspective | |
| MolT5-base | 76.9 | 8.1 | 2.18 | 24.458 | 72.1 | 52.9 | 220000000 | 58.8 | 49.6 | 77.2 | Translation between Molecules and Natural Language | |
| MolT5-small | 75.5 | 7.9 | 2.49 | 25.988 | 70.3 | 51.7 | 60000000 | 56.8 | 48.2 | 72.1 | Translation between Molecules and Natural Language | |
| GIT-Mol-caption | 75.6 | 5.1 | - | 26.315 | 73.8 | 51.9 | - | 58.2 | - | 92.8 | GIT-Mol: A Multi-modal Large Language Model for Molecular Science with Graph, Image, and Text | |